Basics / Sport-scientific Scripts
Dominant Abilities / Coordination / Strength / Speed / Endurance / Technique / What happens to the body when it gets in motion / Conditioning for Rowing / Anaerobic Threshold / Heart-rate Training -zones / Phases of Adaptation / Supercompensation / Annual Programming / Variety / Training for Young Athletes / Advice for young rowers 
Identification of your sport's profile and its requirements is crucial for the planning and programming of a detailed training program. All sports are described by their relation to four major characteristics:
Coordination / 調和 Strength /力氣 Speed / 速度 Endurance / 耐力
It is essential to know how your particular sport relates to four major abilities and what form they take during performance in order to make proper decisions about training. Most sports dominant function is a combination of two, three or all four of these abilities. For example, sprints or jumps are power sports, which combine maximum strength and maximum speed.
Rowing and kayaking, on the other hand, are muscular endurance sports, where endurance and strength combined are the dominant abilities.
Many athletes and coaches treat these combinations as one characteristic and try to develop them together. A more effective way of training, which will lead to higher results is achieved if the components are first developed separately and then converted to needed combinations for the sport. For example, if the sport requires power development for the improvement of performance, during your annual cycle the strength aspect of it is initially developed starting with general and then maximum strength development, and then this strength is transformed to power.
There are sports, where coordination and technique are not dominant and the final result depends on the development of speed, endurance, strength or combination of those three. A good example of this is cyclic sports like running, cycling, rowing, where endurance and speed are dominant abilities to achieve the necessary velocity, with strength playing a supportive role. Coordination is based on precise, efficient technique to be as fast as possible. There are some cyclic sports where complex coordination is not a dominant ability and technique will not win the competition, however, to possess an effective level of technique one must learn it as a kid.
Table 3: Simplified examples of sports dominant abilities
For the better understanding of these aspects of different abilities let's take a simplified look at the basics of coordination, strength, speed and endurance. To precisely describe and categorize the concept of each individual characteristic is well beyond the frame of this script. However, this short outline should help you better understand the basic aspects of each ability. It should also help to shed light on your sport's categorization.
|
Sport |
Goal |
Dominant Ability |
|
Gymnastics |
Achieve perfect form of complex skills
|
Perfect coordination with highest level of precision with relatively high level of strength and speed |
|
Figure skating |
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|
Diving |
||
|
Swimming |
Achieve the highest velocity |
Precise coordination executed as fast as possible with speed and endurance |
|
Rowing |
Achieve the highest velocity |
Endurance, speed are dominant with strength as an influential factor, coordination based on precise as fast as |
|
Cycling |
||
|
Kayaking |
||
|
Possible execution of X-C skiing |
Skills with intensities reaching limits |
|
|
Speed skating |
||
|
Jumping |
Achieve the highest level of strength and speed (power) |
Strength and speed |
|
Throwing |
||
|
Weight lifting |
||
|
Running |
Achieve the highest average speed |
Endurance and speed |
|
Games (soccer, basketball, football, a.s.o. |
Achieve the highest ability to execute complex skills in changing environment and in presence of opponent |
Coordination, speed, endurance and strength |
|
Fight sport (martial arts, wrestling, a.s.o. Tennis |
||
|
Shooting |
Achieve highest level of concentration under high level of stress with very low physical engagement |
Coordination |
|
Combined sports (decathlon, biathlon, heptathlon, modern) |
Excel in all sports included |
Complex mixture of most abilities |
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